On the Abuse of Authority

1Next I turned to consider all kinds of oppression that exists on earth.

Look at the tears of the oppressed—

there is no one to comfort them.

Power is on the side of their oppressors;

so they have no comforters.

2So I commended the dead who had already died as being happier than the living who are still alive. 3Better than both of them is someone who has not yet been born,a because he hasn’t experienced evil on earth. 4Then I examined all sorts of work, including all kinds of excellent achievements that create envy in others.b This also is pointless and chasing after the wind. 5The fool crosses his armsc and starves himself.d 6It’s better to have one handful of tranquility than to have two handfuls of trouble and to chase after the wind.

On Aloneness and Companionship

7Then I turned to re-examine something else that is pointless on earth: 8Consider someone who is alone, having neither son nor brother. There is no end to all of his work, and he ise never satisfied with wealth. “So for whom do I work,” he asks,f “and deprive myself of pleasure?” This, too, is pointless and a terrible tragedy.

9Two are better than one, because they have a good return for their labor. 10If they stumble, the first will lift up his friend—but woe to anyone who is alone when he falls and there is no one to help him get up. 11Again, if two lie close together, they will keep warm, but how can only one stay warm? 12If someone attacks one of them, the two of them together will resist. Furthermore, the tri-braided cord is not soon broken.

There’s No Fool Like an Old Fool

13A poor but wise youth is better

than an old but foolish king

who will no longer accept correction.

14The former can come out of prison to reign,

while the latter, even if born tog kingship, may become poor.

15I observed everyone who lives and walks on earth, along with the youthh who will take the king’si place. 16There was no end to all of his subjectsj or to all of the people who had come before them. But those who come along afterward will not be happy with him. This is also pointless and a chasing after wind.